Optimum Proposal of Daily 300 Ton Waste Disposal
Waste Sorting Flow Chart
Waste Sorting System Illustration
The waste processing line has a capacity of 300t per day.
Firstly, the garbage truck is weighed by electronic truck scale; then the garbage truck is drove to waste loading platform saloon to deliver the waste into the waste storage room that is a hermetic place, and it is where the large-volume waste and hazardous waste, such as big furniture, quilts, cotton clothes, broken closestools, big stuffs for decoration, wine bottles, pesticide bottles, fluorescent lamps, etc. are manually sorted.
After manual separation, the garbage is transported into the waste receiving hopper of the plate waste feeder which is placed in the first floor. But the receiving hopper is placed in the second floor and its volume is 20m³. The bagged garbage of the refuse that is loaded by plate feeder, is processed by bag-breaking & waste-distributing machine and then it is delivered to the belt elevator. Our bag-breaking & waste-distributing machine has functions of breaking bags and distributing waste which helps even waste delivering for plate feeder to ensure a stable performance of the subsequent equipment. The waste storage pit opening can be set as automatic opening cover or automatic rolling door to keep a good sanitation of the discharging platform.
The waste after bag breaking is conveyed by the belt conveyor to the large-volume substance manual sorting platform to separate the bulky waste and hazardous waste.
The manually-separated waste is delivered into the double-stage drum screening machine by belt conveyor for screening process. The sieve tray aperture sizes of the double-stage sieving machine are 20mm and 60mm respectively. So, the waste can be divided into three sizes: < 20mm, 20mm-60mm and >60mm.
The <20mm-sized waste mainly is sand and dirt that are carried out by belt conveyor for landfill treatment; the major of the 20-60mm-sized waste is organic substances that are for direct compost treatment after separation of ferruginous substances (such as bottle caps, batteries, coins, etc.) by suspension-type magnetic separator.
To get a maximum batteries filtering from organic substances, the driving roller of the belt conveyor that is working for organic substances is designed to be a magnetic roller to filter small button batteries to improve the quality of waste compost.
The >60mm-sized waste is sent into the integrated air-separator by belt-conveyor for air-separation process. And the integrated air-separator is kind of special equipment developed by our company used for handling municipal waste to group the oversize products into heavy waste, such as stones, construction garbage, glass, ceramics, hard plastic, textile fabrics, shoes, big organic pieces, wood, diapers, etc.; and light waste, such as light plastic, dry leaves, dry papers, etc.
The separated heavy waste is manually processed to filter the hard plastic, big organic pieces and inert-incombustible items (stones, construction garbage, glass, ceramics, etc.); the residue is combustible items that will be crushed, dried and pressed into RDF fuel. The hard plastic is packed for sales; the big organic pieces are transported to the composting site for compost with the organic substances; the inert item is transported to the landfill site with sand and dirt for disposal.
The air-sorted light waste is sent to the manual sorting station by belt-conveyor for separating light plastic from sundries, and the residue is packed by baler machine for sales or recovering.
RDF Technological Process
RDF Technological Process Illustration
The pre-processed combustible waste, water-separated light plastic, manually-sorted big combustible pieces are sent into waste receiving hopper by loading machine, and then they are sent into crusher machine by belt-conveyor to crush them into particles with a size that is less than 20mm. The crushed combustible waste is sent into drying machine by belt-conveyor to be dried until a moisture content less than 15%. Drying machine heat source can be varied according to specific working condition, and the industrial waste heat can be applied for drying. The dried waste is sent into molding machine to be pressed by XYJ disc ring die extrusion machine, into RDF fuel rods sized by 30mm*30mm, and the fuel rods are for sales after cooled.
Waste Bio-treatment Technology Process
Waste Bio-treatment Illustration
The previously-sorted organic waste is delivered into the main ferment storehouse via the working of waste hopper and conveyor.
Main ferment can be implemented in the open air or in the fermentation room. By turning & mixing wastes and forced ventilation, the air needed in fermentation is supplied, and air supply differs by the type of fermentation room. In early days of fermenting, the mesophile bacteria (30～40℃is its best propagation temperature) helps dis-composition. With temperature increasing, thermophile bacteria (45~65℃is its best propagation temperature) replaces the mesophile bacteria to help high-efficiency dis-composition. The performance of air supply and thermal insulation bed have great impact on temperature increase. And then the temperature falling period comes. Usually, the main fermentation time starts from temperature increasing to falling beginning; the main fermentation of waste aerobic composting will last 4-12 days.
For soil, high C/N ratio immature compost will lead nitrogen deficiency, and low C/N ratio immature compost will decompose, producing ammonia gas and imperiling crops growth and production. So, post-fermentation is necessary for the semi-fermented compost. Post-fermentation can be proceeded in specialized storehouse where the semi-fermented waste is stacked up to 1-2m high for open-type post-fermentation. To improve fermenting efficiency, waste turning and ventilation are needed sometimes. The organic waste that is not broken down and hard to resolve during main-fermentation can have a full decomposition in post-fermentation, becoming humic acid, amino acid, etc. organic substances with more stable property to get fully mature compost. The post-fermentation will last 15-20 days or more.
In the composting process, the deodorizing treatment of waste must be conducted, because there will be ammonia, sulfuretted hydrogen, methanethiol, amine, etc. generated. The deodorizing method is varied by chemical deodorization and adsorbent deodorization, etc. And one economical and practical method is biological deodorization by mature compost oxidative adsorption. Stack the mature compost into the deodorizer with a height of 0.8-1.2m; make the bad smell accessible to the deodorizing system to realize its interaction with biological decomposition and absorption, by which the ammonia and sulfuretted hydrogen removal rate can be more than 98%.
Almost all organic substances in the waste are stabilized and minimized after a second fermentation. However, the plastic, glass, ceramics, metal, small stones, etc. that are not completely removed in early process need another separation processing which employs rotary vibrating screen, magnetic separator, air-separator, etc. pre-treatment equipment to complete separating the above-mentioned impurities. At the same time, re-crushing can be done as required to make purified compost; or add N, P, K into the bulk compost according to the soil condition to make compound compost.
compost is commonly used in Spring and Autumn and is stored up in Summer and Winter. So, the storage facilities that is able to hold at least 6-month production should be set in general compost plant to ensure a continuous production.
Proposal Description and Cost Presentation
1.The waste handling capacity is designed as 300t/d for this proposal
2.The design reference is based on waste contents
Municipal Waste Physical Content Analysis Table (Dry Basis)
|
Number
|
Organic Content
|
Inorganic Content
|
Recyclable Content
|
|||||||
|
Animal
|
Plant
|
Dust
|
Brick& Ceramics
|
Metal
|
Glass
|
Paper
|
Plastic&Rubber
|
Textile Fabrics
|
Wood& Bamboo
|
|
|
1
|
0.07
|
48.43
|
5.63
|
3.51
|
1.05
|
1.05
|
6.29
|
23.67
|
6.26
|
3.41
|
|
2
|
0.83
|
44.57
|
4.02
|
0.83
|
0.42
|
0.42
|
12.13
|
25.88
|
1.16
|
5.57
|
|
3
|
1.19
|
51.59
|
6.70
|
0.00
|
0.79
|
0.79
|
9.60
|
17.88
|
4.38
|
5.88
|
|
Average
|
0.91
|
48.20
|
5.45
|
1.45
|
0.75
|
0.75
|
9.34
|
22.48
|
3.93
|
4.95
|
|
49.10
|
6.90
|
42.21
|
||||||||
Municipal Waste Physical Content Analysis Table (Wet Basis)
|
Number
|
Organic Content
|
Inorganic Content
|
Recyclable Content
|
|||||||
|
Animal
|
Plant
|
Dust
|
Brick& Ceramics
|
Metal
|
Glass
|
Paper
|
Plastic&Rubber
|
Textile Fabrics
|
Wood& Bamboo
|
|
|
1
|
0.31
|
56.85
|
4.05
|
1.56
|
0.47
|
0.47
|
6.23
|
20.29
|
6.23
|
3.74
|
|
2
|
0.35
|
55.34
|
2.59
|
0.35
|
0.17
|
1.90
|
12.26
|
19.00
|
1.21
|
8.64
|
|
3
|
0.52
|
53.36
|
4.71
|
0.00
|
0.35
|
0.35
|
11.78
|
16.81
|
3.98
|
7.62
|
|
Average
|
0.39
|
55.18
|
3.78
|
0.64
|
0.33
|
0.33
|
10.09
|
18.63
|
3.81
|
6.67
|
|
55.58
|
4.42
|
40.61
|
||||||||
3.Technology employment of this proposal
Crude waste pre-separation: quantity is 300t/d
Separate organic waste to add microbial agent for aerobic composting: 20-60mm waste 50%
Separate construction waste (dust, brick and ceramics, etc.) for landfill: 20% (including some small organic substances and leachate)
Separate high-quality plastic to pack for sale: 5%
Sort ferruginous waste magnetic separator for sale: 1%
Separate other combustible waste for making RDF: 24%
4.Process analysis and cost estimation of separated waste
1)Organic waste composting process by adding microbial agent is the patented technology of Beijing Academy of Agricultural Sciences (See the enclosure of the composting project report for its brief introduction);
50% organic materials that suit for composting can be filtered from the 300t waste, that is 150t per day, 54000t per year, which can be used to produce 18000t fertilizer; the consumption of microbial agent is 0.1% of the total fertilizer production, so it is 18t for one year; the price of microbial agent is $8060 per ton, so it is 18*8060=$145080 for one year;
The market price of finished organic fertilizer is $97 per ton, but the fertilizer produced by organic waste is just the low-level fertilizer of which some valuable composition content does not reach the marketing standards, so it can be sold by adding requisite elements to meet the sales requirement, or as a kind of raw material for producing compound organic fertilizer, and if its price is $48 per ton, then the total value of 18000t is 18000*48=$864000;
The gross profit is 864000-145080=$718920;
2)The separated high-quality plastic
Per day separating amount is 300*5%=15t,
One-year amount is 5400t, and its marketing price is $48 per ton,
So one-year gross profit is 5400*48=$259200;
3)The separated ferruginous waste
Per day separation amount is 300*1%=3t,
One-year amount is 1080t, and its sales price is $81 per ton,
So one-year gross profit is 1080*81=$87480
4)The separated inflammable waste is only for RDF fuel rod manufacture (see enclosure for RDF process technology), and the RDF whose calorific value can be 3600-5000 kilocalorie is mainly used as the energy of thermal power plant.
The RDF fuel rod can be used either for chain-stove or for circulating fluidized bed furnace when it is used together with coal. Because the pollutant generated by RDF can be eliminated by the off-gas disposal system, and RDF has no that large using amount as coal, the application of RDF will not increase the pollutant managing load of the furnace, also RDF has a similar heat value with coal.
The produced RDF also can be used as fuel for cement plants, and the production technique is performing well.
Per-day amount of combustible waste is 300*24%=72 t,
72t combustible waste can work for 61.4t RDF,
One-year RDF output is 20736 t,
RDF sales price is set based on its kilocalorie content, $0.0161/kcal.t,
Calculated at $48/t, one-year value is 20736*48=$995328
5) The separated dust, bricks & stones, construction waste
Per-day separating amount is 300*20%=60t,
This part of waste includes leachate, organics that is <20mm, cullet, dust, bricks & stones, construction waste, etc. and its volume-weight may be greater than 1.5t/cube. The volume of 60t waste is 40 m³, but it has a decreasing after stacking. If this part of wast is all buried, one-year landfill amount is 14580 m³, and there will be an amount reduce after a period of stacking, so the actual land covering area is small.
Some organic substances of the buried waste will release bad smell. To solve this problem, proper amount of deodorizing microbial agent can be added when burying to speed up the decomposition of organic substance, reduce the generation of bad smell and turn the buried organics into harmless inert matters to serve them as construction materials, roadbed soil, etc.
If the addition of deodorizing microbial agent is calculated at 0.02% of landfill amount, then the one-year additive amount is 14580*0.02%=3t, and the cost is 3*8060=$24180
6)Cost accounting
Total electricity consumption: 3328KWH per day, 1198080 KWH per year
One-year expense: $193433
Workers wages: 20 workers, $645/m for one worker
One-year wages: $154746
With no equipment depreciation counted in, then one-year gross profit is 726052+261379+87126+1003695=$2078252
Expenditure: 193680+153330+24210=$371220
Actual gross profit: 2078252-371220=$1707032
Details of Waste Separation Processing Equipment
|
Equipment
|
Specification
|
Quantity
|
Unit
|
Power
（KW）
|
Notes
|
|
|
1
|
Plate waste feeder
|
1.8*10m
|
1
|
set
|
7.5
|
Receiving hopper included
|
|
2
|
Bag-breaking and waste-distributing machine
|
1.8m
|
1
|
set
|
5.5
|
|
|
3
|
Elevating belt-conveyor
|
1.2*15m
|
1
|
set
|
4
|
|
|
4
|
Large-volume waste manual sorting
|
1
|
suit
|
5
|
Belt, steel frame, sorting room,
fresh-air conditioner included |
|
|
5
|
Double-stage drum screening machine
|
Φ2.5*10m
|
1
|
set
|
22
|
|
|
6
|
Undersized product collecting belt-conveyor
|
1.2*6m
|
2
|
set
|
4.4
|
|
|
7
|
Suspension-type magnetic separator
|
RCYD-12
|
2
|
suit
|
8
|
Suspension bracket and
stainless steel funnel included |
|
8
|
Belt-conveyor for undersized product out
|
1.2*20m
|
1
|
set
|
5.5
|
|
|
9
|
Undersized product entrucking belt-conveyor
|
1.0*5m
|
1
|
set
|
2.2
|
|
|
10
|
Belt-conveyor for undersized organics out
|
1.2*8m
|
1
|
set
|
3
|
|
|
11
|
Belt-conveyor for organics out
|
1.2*40m
|
1
|
set
|
7.5
|
|
|
12
|
Belt-conveyor for oversize product
|
1.2*12.3m
|
1
|
set
|
4
|
|
|
13
|
Integrated air-separator
|
1
|
suit
|
32.8
|
Positive and negative pressure
|
|
|
14
|
Belt-conveyor for heavy waste out
|
1.2*15m
|
1
|
set
|
4
|
|
|
15
|
Inert waste transit belt-conveyor
|
1.2*15m
|
1
|
set
|
4
|
|
|
16
|
Combustible waste manual sorting
|
1
|
suit
|
4
|
Belt,steel frame, sorting room,
fresh-air conditioner included |
|
|
17
|
Light waste belt-conveyor
|
1.2*8m
|
1
|
set
|
2.2
|
|
|
18
|
Light waste manual sorting
|
1
|
suit
|
5
|
Belt,steel frame, sorting room,
fresh-air conditioner included |
|
|
19
|
Belt-conveyor for baler waste loading
|
1.2*18m
|
1
|
set
|
5.5
|
|
|
20
|
Specified waste baler machine
|
80T
|
1
|
set
|
22
|
|
|
21
|
Steel frame for maintenance
|
1
|
suit
|
|||
|
22
|
Electronic control system
|
1
|
suit
|
Cable bridge included
|
||
|
23
|
Monitoring system
|
1
|
suit
|
Large screen, 6 cameras included
|
||
|
24
|
Deodorizing system
|
1
|
suit
|
45
|
Only separation in sorting
workshop included |
|
|
Summation
|
203.1
|
|||||
|
25
|
Compost production system
|
1
|
suit
|
100
|
Simple,static and aerobic
|
|
|
26
|
RDF production equipment
|
1
|
suit
|
200
|
Crushing machine,drying machine
and molding machine included |
|
|
Summation
|
300
|
|||||
|
27
|
Installation cost
|
8% of the total cost
of the whole system |
||||
|
28
|
Transport cost
|
Delivered to the port
|
Floor Area and Structure Description of Each Workshop
1.Waste loading platform: 30*30=900m²
The ground level is 6m for the second floor of the platform, and the eaves height to the top is 6m; the eaves height of workshop is 12m.
2.Waste storage area: 16*15=240m², which can hold one-day amount of waste.
3.Sorting workshop: 30*67.5=2025m²
4.Waste storeroom and post-processing workshop: 20*40=800m²
5.Fertilizer post-processing workshop: 20*40=800m²
Total: 4525m²
Major Equipment Presentation
1.Plate waste feeder
|
Plate width
|
1800mm
|
|
Notional length
|
10000mm
|
|
Rated power
|
7.5KW
|
|
Plate thickness
|
8mm
|
|
Weight
|
12t
|
|
Materials for Manufacture
|
Plate: 16MN HDG
(Hot Dip Galvanised) |
|
Chain wheel&wheel axle: high-quality
structural steel 45, thermal treatment |
|
|
Frame&lead rail: welding
steel with international standard |
2.Bag-breaking and waste-distributing machine
|
Width
|
1800mm
|
|
Power
|
5.5KW
|
|
Weight
|
4t
|
|
Material for manufacture
|
welding steel with international standard
|
3.Belt-conveyor
|
Driving roller
|
φ340×1150
(rubber coating) |
|
Tail roller
|
φ320×1150
|
|
Upper supporting roller
|
φ89
|
|
Lower supporting roller
|
φ133×1150 (comb-type)
|
|
Belt
|
Width: customized
as required |
|
Model:（3+1.5）
×3 (rubber belt) |
|
|
Material for
manufacture |
Frame: U-steel with international
standards (welding assembly parts) |
|
Belt joint: vulcanized joint (hot melt)
|
4.Double-stage drum Screening Machine
|
Inner diameter
of the drum |
Φ2500mm
|
|
Valid screening length
|
10000mm
|
|
Sieve plate
|
Sieving hole diameter:
Φ20mm&60mm |
|
Made of 16MN
|
|
|
Thickness: 10mm
|
|
|
Driving mode
|
Single speed reducer drives
double supporting wheel |
|
Driving power
|
20KW, 3 vibrators
with 0.3KW power |
|
Weight
|
16t
|
|
Materials for
manufacture |
Supporting wheel structure:
steel bud coated with PU |
|
Frame: weld by H-steel and
U-steel with international standards |
5.Integrated air-separator
|
Configuration
|
Air box, belt-conveyor, fan,
air duct, steel frame, etc. |
|
Air box
|
Size: 12M*3.6M
|
|
Made of carbon structural steel
|
|
|
Fan power
|
30kw，(air quantity) Q=20000m3/h，
total pressure 2500Pa， motor frequency speed control |
|
Air duct
|
Made of galvanized steel plate
with a thickness of 1.5mm |
|
Platform checkered
plate thickness |
4mm
|
|
Weight
|
6t
|
|
The steel frame is welded with U-steel
of international standards |
|
6.Suspension-type magnetic separator
|
Configuration
|
Suspension magnetic separator,
suspension bracket, waste leading funnel |
|
Separator model
|
RCYD-12
|
|
Driving power
|
4KW
|
|
Weight
|
4t
|
|
The suspension bracket is welded with H-formed
steel and U-steel of international standards |
|
|
The waste leading funnel is welded with
304 stainless steel (1mm thick) |
|
7.Hydraulic-automatic baler machine
Application: this machine is mainly used for baling the separated light waste to reduce space covering and facilitate storing and transporting. The waste is baled as cuboid, and the length can be adjusted as required. The baled waste is stored in the storage area of sorting workshop temporarily, then it will be delivered for export sales.
|
Bale size
|
700mm*800mm, the length is adjustable on request
|
|
Baling pressure
|
80t
|
|
Power
|
22KW
|
|
Weight
|
18t
|
8.Electronic control system
|
Including frequency converter cabinet,
operation cabinet, cable, and cable bridge |
|
Reliable operation: PLC is from Taiwan
Joint Venture, frequency is from Siemens |
|
The bridge frame is galvanized or plastic
coated for anti-corrosion; thickness of plate is 1-1.5mm |
9.Monitoring system
This system consists of 1 set of 32-inch monitor, 4-6 cameras, wire cable, converter, distributor, operation board, etc.
10.Manually sorting equipment
It consists of 1200mm flat belt for sorting belt-conveyor, steel platform, sorting funnel, steel-plastic doors and windows, colored steel plate housing, fresh air conditioner, illumination, etc.
11.Anti-corrosion treatment for the supplied equipment
All the facilities we manufacture apply to the corrosive environment of the waste processing plant, which is supported by following facts:
1)the derusting grade of all the carbon-steel parts conforms to the Sa2.5 standard of GB8923-88
2)All parts are coated with zinc-rich primer, alcohol-acid finishing coat, and the thickness of the coating film is not less than 160μm
3)If there is damage of the coating, it will be repaired in accordance with the coating process norm, and the re-coating quality is as good as the original coating.
12.Waste loading platform
13.Deodorizing equipment
14.Crushing machine
15.Drying machine
16.RDF molding machine
Arranged Workers for the Processing Line Per Shift
Truck scale control room: 1 worker, to measure the garbage weight to be processed
Waste receiving platform: 1worker
Electronic control room: 1 worker, to do the electronic control operation, and monitor the workstations running condition and complete daily record
Mechanical maintenance, 1 worker; electrical repair, 1 worker: to direct the routine maintaining of the machines
Single line sorting: 8 workers, to conduct the operating of sorting station. 2 for large-volume waste and wine bottles sorting, 4 for combustible waste sorting, 2 for hard plastic sorting (1 for large organics, 1 for inert waste), 2 for sundries sorting in plastic separating room
Waste baling: 1 worker, to operate the baler machine to finish baling process
Crew leader: 1 worker, to schedule, deploy and monitor the working of the processing line
Forklift driver: 1 worker, to lead the baled waste transporting and stacking
Cleaning work: 2 workers, to clean the workshops and processing line
Total number of 2 lines: 18 workers
Leave A Comment